A climate agreement adopted in Warsaw
Warsaw Special Envoy .
195 countries in the UN Convention on climate meeting since November 11 in Warsaw finally reached an agreement late Saturday afternoon, more than twenty- four hours after the official closing .
The negotiations were extremely hard to find a balance between the demands of developing countries whose priority was to industrialized countries meet the commitments made in 2009 in Copenhagen, and the need to move forward with a sheet road until December 2015 , when a global binding agreement for the first time all countries must be signed . It will enter into force in 2020.
Warsaw , which was to be a " milestone conference " without major issue , has shown how distrust remains high and suggests the difficulties that must be overcome in the next steps in Lima in December 2014 and then to Paris in December 2015 . A good compromise is that " where everyone off again frustrated but fairly ," according to the formula familiar to negotiators. Without a doubt, all the world restarts frustrated. The deal is fair? No, but everyone preferred to compromise to save what he considered essential and will not leave empty-handed .
Watch our map : Map of impacts of global warming
A Roadmap for 2015
This was the main issue for Europeans who want to manage the process of negotiations as much as possible so as not to meet the end of 2015 in a situation comparable to that of Copenhagen unpreparedness .
They wanted the country put on the table first quantified in 2014 in order to have time to evaluate all tenders and to check whether they are compatible with the objective of limiting global warming to 2 ° C. They did not get the text but "invites" the country back " their contributions well before " the Paris Conference and " by the first quarter of 2015 for countries who can ."
Developing countries have coined this hard schedule and it took hours to find a compromise by including replacing the word "commitment" considered too restrictive by " contribution " contained therein to the end .
All countries leave Warsaw with the mission to "enhance " their work to develop their contribution to the agreement of 2015. A first draft agreement should be finalized - as required by the rules of the Convention - six months before the Paris Conference , that is to say, in May 2015. In the meantime, several appointments were fixed intermediate whose summit of Heads of State at the initiative of UN Secretary General Ban Ki -moon in September 2014 in New York.
Mobilize funding for the South
In Warsaw, the countries united in the G- 77 and China group development have been repeatedly denounced the broken promises since 2009. In Copenhagen, the industrialized countries have committed to mobilize $ 100 billion per year from 2020 and create a Green Fund to host a portion of these funds .
About thirty billion was paid between 2010 and 2012 during a period known as "fast start" . But since then, developing countries no longer have any assurance on the future. They demanded that developed countries commit to a path of funding with an interim target of 70 billion dollars in 2016. They did not get it. However , industrialized countries are committed to gradually increase their payments and to show more transparency in the source of these funds. Those of "fast start" have shown that most countries had recycled credits from the official development assistance to meet their commitments .
The Finance Committee of the Convention Climate check every two years by 2020 the information he provide the industrialized countries on the amount of effort , the share of public funds and private funds as well as the emphasis on adaptation to climate change to mitigate emissions . This is also a strong demand for the most vulnerable countries that have received a recapitalization fund adaptation to climate change in the amount of $ 100 million thanks to the commitment of Europeans.
Germany and pay 30 million euros and France , 5000000 . Southern countries have however failed to impose a date and amount - they wanted 20 billion - for the first fundraiser for the Green Fund.
A mechanism for " loss or damage " to countries vulnerable to climate disasters
The creation of this mechanism has sparked clashes until the last moment , the industrialized countries have set a red line that it does not lead to the creation of a new institution. The final formula remains unclear not prejudge the future.
This "mechanism" will particularly aim to coordinate all arrangements for intervention in situations of extreme weather events and gather all the knowledge on how to cope. It will also play an advisory role to the most vulnerable countries.
Do more to reduce global emissions by 2020?
Current emissions trajectories lead towards a closer warming of 4 ° C by 2 ° C. And a majority of countries do not maintain reduction commitments they promised in Copenhagen in 2009 , as the study of Carbon Action Tracker published this week shows .
The effort of the industrialized countries is less than 20 % reduction in emissions by 2020 while the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change advocate a range between 25% and 40 % have not fail to recall the developing countries. They have accused rich countries want to shift the burden of the fight against climate change on their shoulders in the future.
The compromise Warsaw devotes several paragraphs to this issue of " ambition " to be central to the discussions. He urged developed countries but also in their capabilities , developing countries to act in this direction. However, without being able to achieve something concrete as could be for example the elimination of HFC gases used in the refrigeration industry . India , which produces a lot and Saudi Arabia in need for its cooling systems were opposed .
Read the editorial "World " climate disasters: not fatalism
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